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Wind Power Calculation Information

The chart below shows windspeed across the top and blade diameter/swept area(square feet) down the left side. The numbers in the middle suggest what sort of power output you might expect from an 'efficient' wind turbine of such size at such windspeed. This is assuming the wind turbine captures 35% of the energy available in the wind -- it is possible to do slightly better (especially in low winds), but most machines will not do nearly as well in higher winds as the chart suggests. This stuff is interesting to look at! We sometimes see machines for sale on Ebay and other places with 7 foot diameter rotors that claim to be 2kw machines. Perhaps in hurricane conditions they can produce 2kw, but a potential buyer you need to understand what is, and what is not possible. We've actually seen machines of less than 8 feet in diameter on Ebay that claim to produce 25 watts in 'very low 2 - 4 mph winds'. It's unlikely most wind turbines can even spin in winds below 5 mph - and if they could, then an 8 foot machine could not possibly make more than about 5 or 6 watts in a 4 mph wind.

When shopping for a wind turbine it's much more important to look at swept area than it is to look at the manufacturers rated output.

 

Wind speed (mph)  2      4       6       8      10      12      14      16      18      20      22      24      26  

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4'     12.56          .18     1.4    4.6    11     22     38      60       90      128    176    234    304    386

6'     28.26          .39     3.1    10     25     49     85      136     202    288    396    526    684    868

8'     50.24          .70     5.5    19     45     88     151    241     359    512    703    934    1215  1542

10'   78.5            1.1     8.6    29     70     137   237    377     564    800    1099  1460  1900  2410

12'   113             1.6     12     42     101   198   341    524     809    1152  1582  2102  2735  3469

14'   154             2.2     17     57     137   270   465    739     1103  1571  2156  2864  3727  4728

16'   201             2.8     22     74     179   352   607    965     1439  2050  2814  3739  4864  6171

18'   254             3.6     28     94     226   444   767    1219   1819  2591  3556  4724  6146  7798

20'   314             4.4     35     116   279   533   948    1507   2248  3203  4396  5840  7599  9640


Towers

We've gone over two very important things that we often think about here at Otherpower. The power in the wind is related to the *square* of the blade diameter (double diameter and you get 4 times the power) and the *cube* of the wind speed (double the wind speed and you get 8 times the power). You have a great deal of control over blade diameter -- you can choose what size machine you buy. What about the wind speed? It's often suggested that the most economical choice is to put up lots of machines on short towers, or mount your wind turbine(s) to the roof. Manufacturers say this stuff because it sells machines -- people do not like the idea that a tower costs money, and they love to hear that once they buy the wind turbine very little further cost/effort is required. However, the wind is your fuel and wind turbines need good clean non-turbulent fuel -- and unfortunately you don't find that on the ground or on your roof!
It is usually suggested by most reputable installers and manufacturers that the most cost-effective arrangement will be to get your wind turbine 30 feet above anything withing 300 feet. If you have turbulant 10 mph winds at 30 feet up and smooth 13 mph winds at 70 feet up then it makes sense to go a bit higher, get out of the turbulance and get into a slightly higher windspeed where you might have *twice* the energy available! This is not the sort of talk that sells wind turbines, but it is reality. In most good installations the cost of the tower is much greater than the cost of the machine itself and there is a good reason for that.


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